The Effect of Probiotics in a Litopenaeus vannamei Biofloc Culture System Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus

We analyzed the effect of commercial bacterial probiotics on a Litopenaeus vannamei biofloc culture system infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Three replicates of two experimental treatments were conducted: a control system (without probiotic) and a system with the application of a multistrain probiotic containing Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Thiobacillus spp., and Paracoccus spp. applied to the water and another multistrain probiotic containing Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. added to the feed. Growth and survival rate were significantly higher in the probiotic treatment group (P < 0.05), and the shrimp in the probiotic group also had a lower (P < 0.05) FCR compared to the shrimp in the control group (1.4 vs. 2.7).     

Interactive effects of a high-quality protein diet and high stocking density on the stress response and some innate immune parameters of Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis

Amino acids (AA) regulate key metabolic pathways, including some immune responses. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether an increased availability of dietary AA can mitigate the expected increase in plasma cortisol and metabolites levels due to high stocking density and its subsequent immunosuppression. Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) were maintained at low stocking density (LSD; 3.5 kg m^?2) or high stocking density (HSD; 12 kg m^?2) for 18 days. Additionally, both treatments were fed a control or a high protein (HP) diet (LSD, LSD HP, HSD and HSD HP). The HP diet slightly increased the levels of digestible indispensable AA, together with tyrosine and cysteine. HSD was effective in inducing a chronic stress response after 18 days of treatment since fish held at HSD presented higher plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate levels. Moreover, this increase in stress indicators translated in a decrease in plasma lysozyme, alternative complement pathway (ACP) and peroxidase activities, suggesting some degree of immunosuppression. Interestingly, while plasma glucose and lactate levels in HSD HP specimens decreased to similar values than LSD fish, plasma lysozyme, ACP and peroxidase activities increased, with even higher values than LSD groups for ACP activity. It is suggested that the HP diet may be used as functional feed since it may represent a metabolic advantage during stressful events and may counteract immunosuppression in sole.     

Intestinal absorption of amino acids in the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis): in vitro lysine–arginine interaction using the everted intestine system

The interaction between lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) in the proximal intestinal region of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) was evaluated using the everted intestine method. This in vitro intestinal system has been shown to be an effective tool for studying the nutrient absorption without the need to handle the tuna fish in marine cages as needed for digestibility and amino acid (AA) absorption. We used a factorial design with two sets of variables: low and high Lys concentration (10 and 75 mM) and four different Arg concentrations (3, 10, 20, and 30 mM). Both amino acids were dissolved in marine Ringer solution with a basal amino acidic composition consisting of a tryptone solution (9 mg mL^?1). No interaction was observed between the absorption of Lys and Arg during the first 10 min of the experiment when low concentration of Lys and Arg was used in the hydrolyzate solution. However, there seemed to be a positive effect on Lys absorption when both amino acids were at high concentrations (30 and 75 mM, respectively). This type of studies will led us to test different formulations and/or additives to better understand the efficiency of AA supplementation as an alternative to in situ studies that are difficult to follow to design with the Pacific Bluefin Tuna.     

Effects of inulin and fructooligosaccharides on growth performance,body chemical composition and intestinal microbiota of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, whole body and fillet chemical composition and intestinal microbiota of rainbow trouts reared under fish farming conditions. Trouts fed inulin‐ or FOS‐containing diets (5 and 10 g kg^?1) exhibited significant (P = 0.030) body weight gain improvements compared with controls. An increase in gross energy (P = 0.044) and Ca content (P = 0.034) in the whole body of trouts was observed for prebiotic treatments. A decrease in crude protein content (P = 0.009) and a tendency to increase total lipid and gross energy contents (P = 0.090 and P = 0.069, respectively) were detected in the fillet tissue for prebiotic treatments. These results clearly indicate that inulin and FOS improved the intestinal absorption of Ca and that the increased amount was predominantly incorporated into bone tissue. Inulin reduced (P = 0.027) the intestinal population of Vibrio spp. in the distal region to such an extent that no viable counts were detected. The presence of Flavobacterium spp. was not detected in any group, and the numbers of Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Gram‐positive bacteria were not affected (P > 0.05).     

GIS analysis reveals the high diversity and conservation value of mollusc assemblages in the floodplain wetlands of the lower Bug River (East Poland)

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Lepidopterans as Potential Agents for the Biological Control of the Invasive Plant, Miconia calvescens

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Marine Cyanobacteria Compounds with Anticancer Properties: A Review on the Implication of Apoptosis

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